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Development and proliferative capacity of cardiac muscle cells. The possible therapeutic approaches are discussed. The increase in mass affects not only cardiomyocytes but cardiac fibroblasts, extracellular matrix, and endothelium and vascular smooth muscle cells. Various pathological genes appear that mediate this type of HYP, which to a large extent does not regress after removal of the noxious stimulus. Pathological or maladaptive HYP is more commonly seen in hypertension, valvular heart disease, and myocardial heart disease HYP can be marked, myocardial dysfunction occurs, and there is a return to the fetal phenotype, cell death, and fibrosis.
A return to the fetal phenotype or increase of fibrosis does not occur. HYP can be physiological and adaptive, commonly seen in pregnancy and exercise myocardial mass increase is moderate, cardiac contractility is normal or supernormal, and HYP regresses after child birth or detraining. In the clinical aspect, the left ventricle is the one more commonly affected and studied. Cardiac hypertrophy (HYP) is an increase of cardiac mass.
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